Malaysia’s electoral process is “grossly unfair” on the opposition, New York-based Human Rights Watch said March 5. State-owned media avoid reporting on the opposition and authorities allow the ruling coalition to campaign freely while refusing permits for some opposition rallies, the group said.
The allegations are misguided, Abdullah’s spokesman Kamal Khalid said.
Discrimination
Racial tensions in Malaysia, which have dominated the campaign, increased since an unauthorized demonstration against discrimination brought more than 10,000 supporters of the Hindu Rights Action Force onto the streets of Kuala Lumpur last November.
Indians and Chinese together are a third of Malaysia’s population of 27 million. If enough vote against the ruling coalition, it would lose the two-thirds parliamentary majority it has had for more than 30 years, which gives it a free hand to alter the constitution.
In 1969, after urban Chinese and rural Islamic opposition groups won a majority of votes and more than a third of Parliament, Chinese victory parades prompted a bloody backlash by Malays and emergency rule.
The government then created an affirmative-action policy that gave Malays educational, housing and job preferences.
Birth Rights
“Let us be judged by the content of our character, not the color of our skin,” said Lim Guan Eng, secretary-general of the mainly Chinese Democratic Action Party, which has the most opposition seats in parliament, in an interview on Feb. 28.
The DAP is cooperating with Anwar’s People’s Justice Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party against the government, and pledges to scrap the 37-year-old race rules.
Lim Kit Siang, Guan Eng’s father and parliamentary opposition leader, demanded “justice,” “equality” and “freedom” as he spoke at a rally yesterday in Penang that continued into the early hours. Abdullah is due to speak in the same northwestern Malaysian state later today.
Approval for Abdullah among Indians fell to 38 percent in December, from 79 percent in October, according to a survey published by the Merdeka Center, an independent Malaysian research group. His rating among Chinese fell to 42 percent from 47 percent.
Foreign Investment
“This election is important because it’s the first of the next 50 years,” Second Finance Minister Nor Mohamed Yakcop said in an interview last week. “Foreigners are looking at Malaysia for investing, and the next 50 years, in some way, depends on the outcome.”
The government, in power since independence from Britain in 1957, expects growth of as much as 6.5 percent in 2008, up from 6.3 percent in 2007. That may be enough for some voters.
“They know how to manage the economy,” said Goh Swee Joo, 78, a former accountant who sells car insurance in Penang and plans to vote for the coalition. “We hope our Malaysia will always be very stable.”
While the opposition doesn’t expect to win office, it wants to check the government’s power. PAS, as the Islamic opposition party is known, is also fighting to keep control of Kelantan, the only state in Malaysia not ruled by the coalition. The party has dropped calls for an Islamic state in favor of criticizing the government for corruption.
Corruption
Abdullah promised to crack down on corruption and to build a more inclusive multiracial country in his 2004 manifesto. Malaysia slid to 43rd in Transparency International’s 2007 Corruption Perceptions Index from 39th in 2004, when he won his landslide.
Abdullah’s Barisan Nasional coalition pledges to maintain ethnic unity while retaining the race-based preferences. His United Malays National Organisation says they are part of a social contract agreed at independence, leaving some minority voters disenchanted with the Indian and Chinese political parties in the coalition.
“They can’t speak a word, they can’t represent us,” said Steven Yeh, 54, an ethnic Chinese unit-trust consultant in Penang. “I just don’t want to waste my vote, voting for BN.”